To go from a complex application to the primitive instructions involves several layers of software that interpret or translate high-level operations into simple computer instructions, an example of the great idea of abstraction.
- compiler
- A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly language statements.
- instruction
- A command(collection of bits) that computer hardware understands and obeys.
- A word of a computer’s language.
- 각종 연산(operation)은 컴퓨터에 명령어(instruction)로 전달되어 실행된다.
- assembler
- A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary version.
- assembly language
- A symbolic representation of machine instructions.
- assembly language의 한 statement는 machine language의 한 instruction과 대응한다.
- machine language
- A binary representation of machine instructions.
- instruction set
- The vocabulary of commands understood by a given architecture.
- instruction set architecture(ISA, architecture)
- An abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O, and so on.
- hardware가 compiler나 OS에 제공할 연산(operation)의 목록과 명세를 정의한다.